and civil demonstrations just as the Spanish government is working to delegitimize these efforts and attempts to deny all forms of recognition to the breakaway region. Other regions from West Papua to Tibet approaches that purport to explain the strategies of secession and counter-secession. This is an important topic secessionism at about 50 1 and according to Barbara Walter secessionism is the chief source of violence in the 2 Secessionism is destabilizing because at the least it presents a direct challenge to existing political OLTRAMONTI, Giulia Prelz. Viability as a strategy of secession: enshrining de facto statehood in Abkhazia Viability as a Strategy of Secession: Enshrining De Facto Statehood in Abkhazia and Somaliland

continue to persist over whether and how much climate finance is flowing including whether it is new and and whether it is delivered as grants or loans. In this article we draw on a little-examined source of countries to self-report and b because international review of country self-reporting is subject to politically provided and received. We examine transparency reports submitted by 26 countries from 2014 to 2021 by both developed international review of these reports to ascertain the extent to which country self-reporting under the Bergsvik, R., Gupta, A., Weikmans, R. et al. (2024) Is transparency furthering clarity in multilateral climate Is transparency furthering clarity in multilateral climate governance? The case of climate finance

example have long had to reckon with the boundaries between truth and fiction. When Fact Is Fiction collects have recently entered the public lexicon speaking to a renewed confusion over concepts of truth and reality the recent attention in politics and media related to facts truth reality and fiction. Artists who work documentary. Looking at how artists deploy concepts such as truth reality fiction and post-truth this volume the fine lines between fact and fiction can be used to reimagine versions of the present and the future Cover When Fact Is Fiction When Fact Is Fiction: Documentary Art in the Post-Truth Era

Using European Social Survey data from 2002 to 2020 we analyse how income inequality and pro-redistribution Sage Journals ABSTRACT Despite growing attention to income inequality in debates about European integration specific forms of support for the European Union. We find no direct effect of country-level income inequality line with benchmarking theory inequality emerges as a contextual moderator in unequal national settings in more equal countries. This effect persists when we control for income position suggesting an ideological Unequal perspectives? Income inequality as a benchmark for support for European integration

of MPs that can be thought of as most likely to be delegates turn out to be staunch trustees potentially should primarily act as instructed delegates closely following public opinion or rather as trustees relying relying on their own convictions and judgement. As a result we know relatively little about how congruent citizens poorly represented as the vast majority of representatives display a moderate to strong preference for opposition benches and those belonging to lower classes tend to hold representational preferences that As you wish? Public preferences for models of representation and MPs’ role orientations

than men. In this study we investigate whether these gender differences occur to the same extent across across all levels of policy-making though the gap is slightly smaller at the local level. Stacked multivariate of political ambition and show that the gender gap is significantly smaller at the local level compared the European but not the national level pointing to women s lower levels of ambition for the European "Explaining judges" opposition when judicial independence is undermined: insights from Poland, Romania, and Hungary

relation to the national military has three aims 1 to construct a new military identity 2 to promote domestic overarching theoretical objective of the article is to increase our knowledge of the role that narratives domestic stability and to enhance Rwanda s international status and 3 to keep the government in power concepts of people s army and hero . The analysis is informed by material collected during six months specific contexts. It therefore draws on and contributes to a rich literature grounded in social constructivist KUEHNEL, Josefine et WILÉN, Nina. Rwanda’s military as a people’s army: heroes at home and abroad. Journal Rwanda’s military as a people’s army: heroes at home and abroad

Three empirical investigations help us to flesh out this claim. First we revisit the 1990s and consider how adaptation to changing market needs over time. Finally we examine the European Pillar of Social Rights as an contributes to old and new academic debates concerning European citizenship and aims to overcome the unification of a pan-European labour market as a necessary response to the economic imperatives stemming from the one hand and market citizenship on the other. We make the case that European citizenship has been Beyond market vs. social citizenship: Economic imperatives and the building of a pan-European labour

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