Abstract After the euro crisis politicization patterns led the institutions of the European Union to gradually country cases France Germany the Netherlands and Portugal from 2014 to 2020. The results show contrasting around the pandemic recovery agenda. Moreover shared preoccupations relating to investment in the economy redirect the bloc's socioeconomic governance away from austerity. It is less clear whether the erosion austerity was mirrored in national economic discourses. To fill this gap this article provides a quantitative austerity? National economic discourses before the pandemic in the European Union

Abstract After the euro crisis politicization patterns led the institutions of the European Union to gradually country cases France Germany the Netherlands and Portugal from 2014 to 2020. The results show contrasting around the pandemic recovery agenda. Moreover shared preoccupations relating to investment in the economy redirect the bloc's socioeconomic governance away from austerity. It is less clear whether the erosion austerity was mirrored in national economic discourses. To fill this gap this article provides a quantitative austerity? National economic discourses before the pandemic in the European Union

dependence on the party leader to the point of marginalizing other traditional actors from the definition as a surrogate at the cost of creating major internal dissension. We argue that the likely multiplication accordingly. To address this gap we focus on the complete transformation process of the Belgian French-Speaking LIEN Sage Abstract Political parties are used to adapt in the face of political challenges but little is response strategy. We reveal the unprecedented strategy employed by the leader who positioned an advisor Between Decline and Distress Innovations: The Transformation of the Belgian French-Speaking Christian-democratic

One of the main promises that populist parties seek to deliver is to bring politics closer to the people technopopulist case the Italian Five Star Movement FSM one of the founding trademarks of the party was the involvement proposals and found that FSM elected representatives agenda albeit partly diverging from that of members still people . While the literature focused mainly on the relationship between voters and those parties less attention attention has been given to the role of members priorities in shaping parties legislative activity. In digital principal? Substantive representation in the case of the Italian Five Star Movement

essential part of the military s work. Yet the importance of peace operations to the individual soldier especially where this is related to operational success. The article argues that peacekeeping deployment should from the South African Defence Force SANDF . The findings show mixed responses in terms of the effect In general senior staff value the experience acquired more highly than lower ranks who experience multiple has consequences for the individual soldiers career long after homecoming rather than as an independent Peacekeeping deployment abroad and the self-perceptions of the effect on career advancement, status Peacekeeping deployment abroad and the self-perceptions of the effect on career advancement, status and

in the world. The attempt to re-define the EU as a strategic actor which lies at the heart of the Comprehensive partners. The last section shows that the Sahel Strategy has undermined local ownership and has the potential seeking to assert their role in the EU foreign policy process and to promote their vision for the EU in transforming the EU s relations with West Africa WA and raises some issues that concern the political agency struggles at the discursive and praxis levels are performing the international agency of the EU. These struggles Performing EU agency by experimenting the ‘comprehensive approach’: The European union Sahel strategy. Journal Performing EU agency by experimenting the ‘Comprehensive Approach’: the European Union Sahel Strategy

Josué F. et WEINBLUM, Sharon. The battle against unfair trade in the EU trade policy: A discourse analysis The battle against unfair trade in the EU trade policy: A discourse analysis of trade protection

challenge to the Chinese state. As such the focus of securitization shifted from ethnic identity to religious seeking to legitimize the CCP s repressive security practices. Applying securitization theory the article doing so the article briefly introduces the different Muslim communities within China as well as the impact attempts to legitimize its counterinsurgency policies under the principle of combating the Three Evils how securitization campaigns by the Chinese Communist Party CCP turn the country s Muslim minorities into GONUL, H. et ROGENHOFER, J. The Disappearance of the “Model Muslim Minority” in Xi Jinping’s China: Intended The Disappearance of the “Model Muslim Minority” in Xi Jinping’s China: Intended Policy or Side Effect

Abstract Focusing on the evolution of China s interactions with Egypt and the parties to the Israeli Palestinian through a resistance to the Western monopoly over the latter s evolution and over the production and interpretation Palestinian conflict this article aims to understand the contexts that encourage increased synergy between ideas and identities the article posits that the observed developments are constitutive of a reordering challenging the Western-dominated status quo ante not through the deconstruction of the international AOUN, Elena et KELLNER, Thierry. The crises in the Middle East: A window of opportunity for rising China The crises in the Middle East : A window of opportunity for rising China

Abstract The notion of the criminalization of the state is paradoxical. On the one hand the idea that absolute are general and anonymous that they apply identically to everybody and that allows defining these elites linked to the bureaucratic rule of the state itself. In this commentary on the contributions to this special light on the potentially criminal behaviour of state-officials. On the other the assumption that legal rules address this and other paradoxes of the state with regard to the relation between politics and criminality OLSSON, Christian. The criminalization of politics, the politics of criminalization and their paradoxes The criminalization of politics, the politics of criminalization and their paradoxes